2024 MHSAA Football Playoff Pairings Announced
By
Geoff Kimmerly
MHSAA.com senior editor
October 27, 2024
Here are the pairings for the 2024 MHSAA Football Playoffs, which begin Nov. 1-2 with District Semifinals in the 11-Player Playoffs and Regional Semifinals in the 8-Player Playoffs.
Teams were divided into divisions before the start of play this fall. The top 32 teams in each division in 11-player and top 16 per division in 8-player, based on playoff-point average, were selected to the field. For 11-player, qualifiers were then divided into four regions with eight teams apiece, and for 8-player qualifiers were divided into four regions with four teams in each.
Pairings for the first three weeks of the tournament are based on regular-season playoff point averages, with the highest-ranked team hosting, regardless of the distance between the two schools. For 11-Player District Semifinal and 8-Player Regional Semifinal play, the top-seeded team in each bracket will host the fourth-seeded team, and the second-seeded team will host the third-seeded team.
District Finals for 11-player and Regional Finals for 8-player will follow during the weekend of Nov. 8-9, and the weekend of Nov. 15-16 will have Regional Finals in the 11-Player Playoffs and Semifinals in the 8-Player Playoffs. The 8-Player Semifinals will pair the winners of Region 1 vs. Region 2 and the winners of Region 3 vs. Region 4, at the sites of the highest-ranked team.
Semifinal games in the 11-Player Playoffs will take place Nov. 22-23, pairing the winners of Region 1 vs. Region 2 and the winners of Region 3 vs. Region 4. The MHSAA will assign 11-Player Semifinals at neutral sites.
All playoff tickets except for Finals (both 11 and 8-player) will be sold online only via GoFan.
For 11-Player, tickets to District Semifinals and District Finals cost $7, tickets to Regional Finals are $9, and tickets to Semifinals cost $10. For 8-player, tickets for Regional Semifinals are $7, tickets for Regional Finals are $9, and tickets for Semifinals cost $10.
The 8-Player Finals will take place Nov. 23 at Northern Michigan University’s Superior Dome in Marquette, and the 11-Player Finals will be played Nov. 29-30 at Ford Field in Detroit. An all-day ticket for 8-Player Finals costs $10 and includes admission to both games, and an all-day ticket for the 11-Player Finals costs $20 and includes admission to that day’s four games.
The 8-Player Finals will kick off at 11 a.m. for Division 1 and 2 p.m. for Division 2 on Nov. 23.
There is one switch of note this season regarding the schedule for the 11-Player Finals weekend. The first games both days will kick off at 9:30 a.m., with the final games both days tentatively scheduled to begin at 7 p.m.
The 11-Player Finals schedule will be as follows:
Friday, Nov. 29
9:30 a.m. - Division 8
12:30 p.m. - Division 4
4 p.m. - Division 6
7 p.m. - Division 2
Saturday, Nov. 30
9:30 a.m. - Division 7
12:30 p.m. - Division 3
4 p.m. - Division 5
7 p.m. - Division 1
Pairings for both the 11 and 8-Player brackets are as follows:
11-Player Pairings
DIVISION 1
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
East Kentwood (5-4) 58.111 at Hudsonville (8-1) 80.222
Grandville (5-4) 60.778 at Rockford (7-2) 70.472
DISTRICT 2
Kalamazoo Central (6-3) 51.222 at Howell (9-0) 89.333
Grand Ledge (5-4) 55.222 at Brighton (7-2) 72.111
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Lapeer (5-4) 54.444 at Grand Blanc (7-2) 71.889
Oxford (6-3) 69.111 at Davison (7-2) 70.306
DISTRICT 2
Rochester Hills Stoney Creek (5-4) 59.778 at Rochester Adams (7-2) 74.111
Clarkston (6-3) 67.333 at Lake Orion (6-3) 70.778
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Ann Arbor Pioneer (5-4) 53.556 at Belleville (8-1) 78.333
Saline (6-3) 64.889 at Northville (6-3) 66.000
DISTRICT 2
Livonia Stevenson (5-4) 54.333 at Detroit Catholic Central (9-0) 83.611
West Bloomfield (4-5) 57.444 at Novi (5-4) 58.667
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Sterling Heights Stevenson (5-4) 54.111 at Detroit Cass Tech (7-2) 64.444
Dearborn (5-4) 57.667 at Dearborn Fordson (5-4) 58.222
DISTRICT 2
Utica (4-5) 51.333 at Macomb Dakota (8-1) 77.333
Romeo (4-5) 60.667 at Utica Eisenhower (7-2) 73.444
DIVISION 2
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Traverse City West (6-3) 57.556 at Muskegon Mona Shores (8-1) 74.361
Grand Rapids Northview (9-0) 68.444 at Byron Center (8-1) 71.361
DISTRICT 2
Portage Northern (5-4) 56.222 at Portage Central (6-3) 62.222
Lansing Everett (6-3) 60.333 at Mattawan (6-3) 61.222
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Flushing (7-2) 54.444 at Midland (8-1) 71.111
Midland Dow (5-4) 55.667 at Saginaw Heritage (6-3) 60.778
DISTRICT 2
South Lyon East (6-3) 56.472 at Dexter (9-0) 81.222
Milford (7-2) 65.361 at East Lansing (6-3) 67.333
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Orchard Lake St. Mary's (6-3) 57.639 at North Farmington (6-3) 63.667
Farmington (6-3) 59.000 at White Lake Lakeland (6-3) 59.139
DISTRICT 2
Temperance Bedford (5-4) 55.444 at Gibraltar Carlson (8-1) 70.778
Livonia Franklin (5-4) 59.556 at Allen Park (6-3) 62.000
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Ferndale (6-3) 57.556 at Birmingham Groves (9-0) 78.778
Warren Mott (7-2) 60.111 at Birmingham Seaholm (6-3) 63.111
DISTRICT 2
Roseville (7-2) 66.889 at Grosse Pointe South (9-0) 81.444
Warren De La Salle Collegiate (6-2) 67.875 at Port Huron Northern (7-2) 70.333
DIVISION 3
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Bay City John Glenn (5-4) 41.889 at Petoskey (9-0) 66.000
Cadillac (4-5) 44.111 at Mount Pleasant (5-4) 51.889
DISTRICT 2
St. Johns (6-3) 49.333 at DeWitt (9-0) 82.611
Cedar Springs (7-2) 56.111 at Lowell (7-2) 62.444
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Stevensville Lakeshore (3-6) 40.889 at St. Joseph (8-1) 70.222
Zeeland East (5-4) 50.889 at Zeeland West (8-1) 67.917
DISTRICT 2
East Grand Rapids (5-4) 49.889 at Grand Rapids Forest Hills Central (7-2) 65.889
Grand Rapids Kenowa Hills (6-3) 53.111 at Coopersville (6-3) 53.333
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Jackson (4-5) 40.667 at Mason (7-2) 64.000
Linden (4-5) 45.556 at Fenton (7-2) 63.556
DISTRICT 2
Garden City (7-2) 53.778 at Walled Lake Western (9-0) 78.361
Redford Thurston (7-2) 56.111 at Auburn Hills Avondale (6-3) 57.222
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
River Rouge (4-4) 48.542 at Southgate Anderson (7-2) 63.444
Riverview (8-1) 57.000 at Trenton (6-3) 62.028
DISTRICT 2
Warren Fitzgerald (4-5) 42.222 at Detroit Martin Luther King (6-3) 65.417
Grosse Pointe North (4-5) 45.111 at Port Huron (4-5) 49.222
DIVISION 4
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Ludington (7-2) 47.556 at Big Rapids (8-1) 55.111
Whitehall (6-3) 51.111 at Ada Forest Hills Eastern (7-2) 54.778
DISTRICT 2
Hamilton (5-4) 44.556 at Hudsonville Unity Christian (9-0) 72.278
Holland Christian (6-3) 48.778 at Grand Rapids South Christian (5-4) 48.889
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Edwardsburg (6-3) 50.556 at Battle Creek Harper Creek (8-1) 62.000
Paw Paw (8-1) 61.556 at Niles (8-1) 61.667
DISTRICT 2
Lansing Sexton (5-4) 42.889 at Portland (9-0) 60.778
Ionia (6-3) 51.000 at Hastings (8-1) 60.222
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Pinckney (5-4) 45.444 at Chelsea (7-2) 63.444
Parma Western (6-3) 54.889 at Haslett (6-3) 55.222
DISTRICT 2
Ortonville Brandon (6-3) 49.778 at Goodrich (8-1) 63.556
Lake Fenton (6-3) 50.278 at Freeland (8-1) 56.444
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Dearborn Divine Child (6-3) 54.254 at Madison Heights Lamphere (8-1) 65.000
Harper Woods (6-3) 63.556 at Redford Union (8-1) 64.778
DISTRICT 2
Croswell-Lexington (6-3) 46.889 at Marysville (8-1) 55.778
St. Clair (6-3) 47.111 at Macomb Lutheran North (8-1) 48.069
DIVISION 5
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Gladwin (6-3) 43.222 at Kingsford (9-0) 58.111
Clare (7-2) 49.333 at Ogemaw Heights (8-1) 53.889
DISTRICT 2
Howard City Tri County (5-4) 38.444 at Frankenmuth (9-0) 63.667
Saginaw Swan Valley (6-3) 47.000 at Belding (8-1) 54.431
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Muskegon Oakridge (4-5) 35.111 at Grand Rapids West Catholic (6-3) 54.889
Hopkins (6-3) 43.208 at Grand Rapids Catholic Central (5-4) 54.730
DISTRICT 2
South Haven (5-4) 37.222 at Kalamazoo Hackett Catholic Prep (7-2) 49.222
Dowagiac (6-3) 39.486 at Berrien Springs (6-3) 43.111
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Williamston (3-6) 38.000 at Pontiac Notre Dame Prep (7-1) 61.500
Flint Hamady (5-3) 42.028 at Corunna (7-2) 59.222
DISTRICT 2
Richmond (4-5) 37.111 at Armada (8-1) 56.444
Hazel Park (6-3) 37.889 at St. Clair Shores South Lake (5-4) 38.556
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Romulus (4-5) 36.611 at Detroit Lincoln-King (9-0) 42.444
Whitmore Lake (7-2) 37.111 at Ann Arbor Father Gabriel Richard (5-4) 37.472
DISTRICT 2
Detroit Denby (6-3) 36.667 at Flat Rock (7-2) 47.222
Detroit Voyageur College Prep (7-2) 44.611 at Romulus Summit Academy North (6-2) 46.639
DIVISION 6
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Calumet (6-3) 36.111 at Kingsley (7-2) 44.444
Negaunee (6-3) 41.556 at Boyne City (7-2) 42.111
DISTRICT 2
Manistee (5-4) 37.222 at Reed City (7-2) 48.222
Standish-Sterling (6-3) 45.111 at Mason County Central (8-1) 46.431
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Montague (4-5) 35.889 at Newaygo (7-2) 48.778
Kent City (6-3) 37.986 at Central Montcalm (8-1) 43.444
DISTRICT 2
Ovid-Elsie (7-2) 42.889 at Almont (9-0) 62.333
Lansing Catholic (6-3) 46.111 at Chesaning (9-0) 46.778
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Buchanan (6-3) 38.222 at Olivet (7-2) 47.778
Constantine (6-3) 38.556 at Parchment (7-2) 40.222
DISTRICT 2
Dearborn Heights Robichaud (4-5) 36.778 at Jackson Lumen Christi (8-1) 60.302
Dearborn Advanced Tech Academy (6-3) 37.222 at Ida (8-1) 43.222
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Royal Oak Shrine Catholic (7-2) 35.000 at Warren Michigan Collegiate (8-1) 54.278
Clinton Township Clintondale (6-3) 38.000 at Marine City (7-2) 51.778
DISTRICT 2
Detroit Central (6-3) 37.778 at Detroit Edison (6-3) 47.667
Detroit Old Redford (8-1) 38.111 at Detroit Pershing (7-2) 43.444
DIVISION 7
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Houghton Lake (5-4) 30.444 at Menominee (8-1) 48.333
Charlevoix (6-3) 34.444 at Traverse City St. Francis (6-3) 41.333
DISTRICT 2
Evart (6-3) 32.000 at North Muskegon (8-1) 42.222
Harrison (7-2) 36.444 at McBain (8-1) 39.778
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Saranac (6-3) 31.778 at Ithaca (9-0) 46.000
Pewamo-Westphalia (7-2) 35.778 at Montrose (6-3) 40.694
DISTRICT 2
Elkton-Pigeon-Bay Port Laker (5-4) 29.069 at Millington (8-0) 45.264
Saginaw Valley Lutheran (5-4) 32.111 at Cass City (6-3) 33.625
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Coloma (4-5) 28.889 at Lawton (7-2) 40.333
Bronson (6-3) 32.222 at Schoolcraft (8-1) 37.931
DISTRICT 2
Napoleon (6-3) 36.556 at Hudson (8-1) 48.222
Union City (8-1) 37.889 at Hanover-Horton (8-1) 40.889
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Bath (5-4) 29.889 at Grosse Pointe Woods University Liggett (6-3) 41.583
Burton Atherton (7-2) 30.972 at Leslie (8-1) 39.444
DISTRICT 2
Blissfield (4-5) 31.778 at Monroe St. Mary Catholic Central (9-0) 58.667
Ottawa Lake Whiteford (5-4) 35.222 at Clinton (6-3) 40.333
DIVISION 8
REGION 1
DISTRICT 1
Manistique (4-5) 25.444 at Iron Mountain (9-0) 40.556
Bark River-Harris (5-4) 27.556 at East Jordan (7-2) 34.264
DISTRICT 2
Mancelona (4-5) 24.708 at Maple City Glen Lake (8-1) 38.042
Frankfort (7-2) 31.083 at Beal City (7-2) 37.333
REGION 2
DISTRICT 1
Reese (5-4) 27.403 at Fowler (9-0) 42.556
Saginaw Michigan Lutheran Seminary (6-3) 30.556 at Saginaw Nouvel Catholic Central (8-1) 38.667
DISTRICT 2
Burton Bentley (5-4) 24.750 at Clarkston Everest Collegiate (8-1) 44.111
Ubly (6-3) 32.889 at Harbor Beach (9-0) 37.778
REGION 3
DISTRICT 1
Centreville (4-5) 27.861 at Decatur (8-1) 39.819
Saugatuck (6-3) 33.000 at White Pigeon (8-1) 38.931
DISTRICT 2
Addison (4-5) 25.222 at Springport (7-2) 31.333
Sand Creek (4-5) 25.667 at Reading (5-4) 28.444
REGION 4
DISTRICT 1
Allen Park Cabrini (5-4) 24.667 at Riverview Gabriel Richard (7-1) 42.861
Manchester (7-2) 34.889 at Petersburg Summerfield (8-1) 36.444
DISTRICT 2
Marine City Cardinal Mooney (4-5) 24.111 at Rochester Hills Lutheran Northwest (6-3) 34.333
Mount Clemens (6-3) 28.000 at Detroit Loyola (3-6) 29.583
8-Player Pairings
DIVISION 1
REGION 1
Munising (6-3) 28.667 at Pickford (9-0) 38.250
Norway (7-2) 32.111 at Ishpeming (6-2) 33.583
REGION 2
Atlanta (6-3) 27.708 at Alcona (8-1) 37.556
Blanchard Montabella (6-3) 28.667 at Indian River Inland Lakes (9-0) 36.250
REGION 3
Bay City All Saints (7-2) 31.778 at Deckerville (9-0) 41.000
Fulton (8-1) 33.556 at Kingston (7-2) 34.111
REGION 4
Martin (7-1) 34.083 at Gobles (9-0) 37.500
Mendon (8-1) 34.889 at Climax-Scotts (8-1) 35.556
DIVISION 2
REGION 1
Bellaire (7-2) 28.486 at Crystal Falls Forest Park (8-1) 35.556
Gaylord St. Mary (7-2) 30.653 at Powers North Central (8-1) 34.889
REGION 2
Mio (7-2) 32.486 at Au Gres-Sims (8-1) 35.931
Marion (8-1) 32.556 at Onekama (8-1) 33.889
REGION 3
Mount Pleasant Sacred Heart (6-3) 29.333 at Grand Rapids Sacred Heart (9-0) 36.208
Portland St. Patrick (8-1) 34.556 at Morrice (8-1) 35.222
REGION 4
Adrian Lenawee Christian (4-5) 28.403 at Britton Deerfield (8-1) 35.556
Burr Oak (7-2) 29.778 at Pittsford (7-2) 31.444
PHOTO Ada Forest Hills Eastern takes the field this season for its game against Hudsonville Unity Christian. (Photo by Michigan Sports Photo.)
Portage Northern Coach Nurturing New Roots After Arriving from Crosstown Rival
By
Pam Shebest
Special for MHSAA.com
October 19, 2021
PORTAGE — When Kurt Twichell was hired as Portage Northern’s head football coach last May, he had some serious closet cleaning to do.
As an assistant coach at crosstown rival Portage Central, his wardrobe was filled with blue and gold.
“I had to clean out probably 80 percent of my closet,” Twichell said, laughing. “Being a phys. ed. guy, I had quite a bit of blue and gold PC stuff.
“That all went into a big old bag, and I actually donated it back to them. I had a lot of work to do from a wardrobe perspective, no doubt about that.”
Twichell is nearing the conclusion of his first season as a head coach, with Portage Northern 2-6 this fall heading into its season finale Friday against Kalamazoo Central.
He had spent the previous seven seasons at Portage Central, finishing his tenure with the Mustangs last fall as their defensive coordinator. Across town at that time, Pete Schermerhorn was completing his 27th and final season leading the Huskies’ football program – and after some thought, Twichell applied to be his replacement and was named Northern’s next coach this spring.
Twichell made sure to wear orange when he met with his new team for the first time.
If he had worn any hint of blue, “We wouldn’t have let him in,” said senior and two-way player Xavier Thomas with a big grin.
Twichell said he understood why players were apprehensive.
“I think naturally, with teenagers, it was like what the heck is going on?” he said. “We hired a guy from Portage Central. This is crazy.”
Twichell said he worked very hard to establish a rapport with the players.
“You’re trying to build trust within your program,” he said. “As soon as I accepted this job, I’m diving full on in, orange, brown and white as a Huskie.”
Thomas said players did not know what to expect.
“The initial feeling, we were a little nervous as far as what his path for us was going to be. Having come from that school, would he hold a grudge against us or not?” he recalled.
“After meeting him and sitting down and having a conversation with him, we understood that he was fully on the path of Portage Northern Huskies. He fully supports all of our sports programs, not just football. He’s just a great guy that we need in our community.”
Climbing the ladder
Twichell said his love of football started at Haslett High School in “an up-and-coming program” under head coach Charlie Otlewski and defensive coordinator Rob Porritt, adding “Those are my guys.”
After a football injury at Hope College derailed his playing career, Twichell transferred to Michigan State as a “regular student” and started working with Otlewski and Haslett’s football team.
“I spent a couple years there doing it for fun,” Twichell said. “I ended up loving it so much.”
He scrapped plans for med school and earned a teaching degree.
Taking his first job at White Pigeon, “I was just a young guy looking for any job I could get.”
Two years later he contacted Enders, who happened to have a job available. Twichell spent the next seven years at Central, working his way up to defensive coordinator.
When he heard about the opening at Northern, which included a teaching position, he was not sure about applying.
“I was very, very rooted with Central and really enjoyed the staff and the opportunity they gave me to work my way up to d-coordinator,” he said. “When this job came up, I actually sat down and thought about it for more than three seconds. Being a head coach is a goal of mine.”
Twichell’s wife, Kate, coaches the Portage schools’ co-op girls lacrosse team and he said the family, including 3-year-old twins, are happy living in the community.
Ironically, shortly after accepting the Northern coaching job, his wife left Hackett Catholic Prep to teach Spanish and English at Portage Central.
That makes for some interesting family dynamics, especially during the rivalry game.
“I try to push the (twins) one way; Kate doesn’t necessarily try to push them either way but we still hear the ‘M’ (Mustangs) word after “Go” from the kids,” Kurt said. “They’ll say every now and then, Go Mustangs or Go Huskies. Kate just cheers for ‘no injuries,’ the way she puts it.”
No longer just Xs and Os
“The biggest change is how much of your role has almost nothing to do with football from an Xs and Os perspective or from an actual coaching kids perspective,” Twichell said.
“It’s community relations, youth involvement, financial management, recruiting.”
He said it is like the iceberg analogy.
“People just see Friday nights and results, but below the surface is all these components that go into building a good program,” he said. “Coach Shermerhorn left a pretty good foundation in terms of that iceberg, but I definitely want to put my own spin on things.”
During the day, Twichell is in the weight room, teaching a full day of power lifting.
The academic classes are open to all students, and Twichell hopes to resurrect the school’s power lifting team.
Chris Riker, Northern’s athletic director, said when hiring a coach, it is not where he coached but if he was a good fit for the program.
“We had some outstanding candidates and Kurt had a good plan on developing culture, developing not just the football player but the whole athlete, the whole person,” Riker said. “Academics were important. Getting involved in your community is important, and being a role model for the younger kids is important as well as being a good football player, good person.”
Riker said the team is very involved with the community.
“He’s done some things with our kids and Rocket Football to establish that connection with the youth program,” he said.
He added that Twichell and Enders collaborated on Camp Ability in July.
“It’s a camp for special needs kids who want to be involved with football,” Riker said. “It’s pretty cool to get out there and see kids who aren’t involved in football be that excited and be next to our football players. Kids had big smiles on their faces, just to be able to try on the shoulder pads and football jerseys.”
The children also ran drills, tossed footballs and ran for touchdowns, helped by players from both teams.
Not just another game
The Huskies are still settling into a new system (although a highlight was a Week 4 win over Division 3 No. 10 Stevensville Lakeshore). But Twichell has surrounded himself with solid support, carrying over several assistants from Schermerhorn’s staff.
“Those guys have been phenomenal,” Twichell said. “Just about every coach who wanted to come back did.”
As the defensive coordinator at Portage Central, Twichell was familiar with Tom Laskarides, Schermerhorn’s defensive coordinator.
“People probably wondered what that was going to look like, but I have nothing but admiration and respect for Tom,” Twichell said. “We also brought back Mike McGuire who was on staff here probably 10 years ago. He’s a quarterbacks, offensive guy and a former head coach himself. That’s been huge to have these guys.”
Twichell said the team lost several outstanding players to graduation the last three years.
“When you go through losing groups like that, there’s going to be a transition there, regardless of a new coach,” he said. “We have a very young team, an inexperienced team.”
One game on Twichell’s radar this fall was the battle of the Portages, a game Northern lost, 33-17, two weeks ago.
“I’m not sure there’s a playbook out there that anybody’s ever written,” he said. “Not just competing against players that you had physically coached and had invested so much in their lives, but you know their families, their career aspirations, especially that senior class.”
Twichell said the “coach speak” was that it was just another game.
But the emotions surfaced during the postgame handshakes.
“Lots of hugs and some emotions. It was a good feeling from a human standpoint, but obviously we’re disappointed the game didn’t go the way we wanted it to,” he said.
Thomas said his coach warned the players that the game would generate more than the usual hype.
“He let us know there would be a lot of attention brought on us from the media, being (Central head coach Mick) Enders vs. Twichell,” Thomas said.
“But with his preparation, we were pretty dialed into the game. Hopefully we can take the things we learned from that game and assess them moving forward so the things that happened in that game won’t happen again.”
Pam Shebest served as a sportswriter at the Kalamazoo Gazette from 1985-2009 after 11 years part-time with the Gazette while teaching French and English at White Pigeon High School. She can be reached at [email protected] with story ideas for Calhoun, Kalamazoo and Van Buren counties.
PHOTOS (Top) First-year Portage Northern varsity football coach Kurt Twichell talks with his team this season. (2) Portage Northern senior Xavier Thomas, top, and athletic director Chris Riker. (3) Twichell, left, works with his players during a practice this fall. (4) Twichell addresses the Huskies after a game. (Action photos by Jason Altwies; head shots by Pam Shebest.)