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MHSA(Q&)A: Menominee football coach Ken Hofer

June 28, 2012

By Brian Spencer
Second Half

Ken Hofer has been nothing short of legendary during more than three decades as Menominee’s head football coach -- a tenure that came to an end earlier this month when he announced his retirement.  

In 41 seasons -- including his first two, at Stephenson -- he won three MHSAA championships (1998, 2006, and 2007) and built a record of 342-136-3. He is one of nine coaches in MHSAA football history with at least 300 wins.

He guided more than a thousand athletes, and that influence extended to league rival Kingsford -- where his son Chris Hofer is the football coach. Ken also is known statewide as the guru of the single wing offense, a rarely-used but for the Maroons frequently unstoppable attack that does not utilize a traditional quarterback.

Hofer is a member of the Michigan High School Football Coaches Association and Upper Peninsula Sports Halls of Fame. He also served as the Menominee athletic director, principal, and assistant principal. He grew up in Stephenson, where he was an all-stater in football and track and field, and later competed in both sports at the University of Wisconsin. 

Did you always want to become a football coach?

I was predicted to be a coach somewhere in our (Stephenson) annual (yearbook). So I suppose I was always predetermined to coach. However, before coaching I was in the service as a Lieutenant and spent two years in Germany. After Germany, I spent another five years working for Wilson Sporting Goods before I finally came back in 1964 to coach football and teach social studies for Stephenson.

How did you decide it was time to hang up the whistle?

Well, I’m 77 years old, so age was definitely a determinant. The biggest factor was that as much as my mind said I could continue, my body said “slow down.” So I guess age and my inability to continually go full throttle and stay energetic helped me make my decision.

In your 45 seasons, what is the most helpful piece of advice you are going to take away?

The best advice I will take away is to treat young people the way I like to be treated. 

What do you plan to do with your free time, now that your schedule has opened up slightly?

I am going to try and catch up on stuff that should have been done a long time ago. I’m sure that my wife will give me plenty of stuff to do, too. I also want to try to travel more and visit my kids.  I now have a grandson who will be playing for Kingsford, so I will become a fan of my grandson’s at his Kingsford games. 

Now that your grandson and son both have affiliations with Kingsford, will you become a Kingsford man?

No (chuckling), I will cheer for my son and grandson, but I will forever be connected with Menominee and Stephenson. 

What was it like to be recognized by both the Michigan High School Football Coaches Association and Upper Peninsula Sports Halls of Fame?

It was like a utopia for coaching. When your peers give that honor it is a pretty special time. As a coach you don’t strive for that kind of accolade; however, it is definitely a special honor to receive. 

What has been, in your opinion, your greatest achievement as Menominee’s head football coach?

My greatest achievement will always be working with younger people; I think that is the most important thing that most coaches would like to have, is the ability to stay young by working with these young men.  You don’t always have to win to have that experience. Winning on the field doesn’t always correlate winning in other aspects of your life. 

What advice can you give aspiring or current coaches who look to share similar successes as a head coach?

The biggest thing is to make sure that you treat the players like you like to be treated. Using that approach will get a great response.

Of your 300-plus career wins, is there any one that you find particularly special?

I always found that whenever I could beat Kingsford when my son was coaching (he said, followed by a bellowing laugh). My son Chris will like that one.

There are so many that I consider to be special. There were a ton of close games, too many to count. Two years ago, we had one of those close games where we played Morley-Stanwood, and won 41-40 in overtime (in a 2010 Regional Final). The young men played very hard. It was very special.

Do you think that your son will follow in your footsteps and coach for 45-plus seasons?

I think Chris has that type of coaching in his blood. He’s struggling physically with a knee injury; however he has a coaching mind that is as strong as ever.  I think he’ll coach until he won’t be able to. 

2014 Week 8 Football Playoff Listing

October 14, 2014

By Geoff Kimmerly
Second Half editor

Following is a list of Michigan High School Athletic Association football playing schools, displaying their win-loss records and playoff averages through the seventh week of the season.

Schools on this list are in enrollment order for 11-player teams, with 8-player teams ordered by playoff average. An asterisk (*) beside a record indicates a team has eight or fewer games scheduled. A caret (^) beside a school’s name indicates a team is one win away from playoff qualification.

Those schools with 11-player teams with six or more wins playing nine-game schedules, or five or more wins playing eight games or fewer, will qualify for the MHSAA Football Playoffs beginning Oct. 31. Schools with 5-4, 4-3 or 4-4 records may qualify if the number of potential qualifiers by win total does not reach the 256 mark. Schools with six or more wins playing nine-game schedules or five or more wins playing eight games or fewer may be subtracted from the field based on playoff average if the number of potential qualifiers exceeds the 256 mark.

Once the 256 qualifying schools are determined, they will be divided by enrollment groups into eight equal divisions of 32 schools, and then drawn into regions of eight teams each and districts of four teams each. Those schools with 8-player teams will be ranked by playoff average at season’s end, and the top 16 programs will be drawn into regions of eight teams each for the playoff in that division, which also begins Oct. 31.

To review a list of all football playoff schools, individual school playoff point details and to report errors, visit the Football page of the MHSAA Website.

The announcement of the qualifiers and first-round pairings for both the 11 and 8-player playoffs will take place on Oct. 26 on the Selection Sunday Show on FOX Sports Detroit. The playoff qualifiers and pairings will be posted to the MHSAA Website following the Selection Sunday Show.

11-Player Playoff Listing

1. Macomb Dakota, 2814, 6-1, 92.286
2. Sterling Heights Stevenson^, 2767, 5-2, 75.143 
3. Clarkston, 2742, 7-0, 107.429 
4. Utica Eisenhower, 2712, 4-3, 65.714 
5. Grand Blanc^, 2668, 5-2, 68.857 
6. East Kentwood, 2592, 6-1, 85.143 
7. Rockford, 2555, 6-1, 94.286 
8. Clinton Township Chippewa Valley, 2538, 4-3, 63.429 
9. Lake Orion, 2459, 4-3, 55.429 
10. Dearborn Fordson, 2411, 7-0, 101.714 
11. Northville^, 2298, 5-2, 67.571 
12. Holland West Ottawa^, 2293, 5-2, 77.571 
13. Canton, 2289, 6-1, 93.286 
14. Detroit Cass Tech, 2277, 7-0, 101.714 
15. Plymouth^, 2116, 5-2, 67.714 
16. Lapeer, 2112, 7-0, 94.857 
17. Utica Ford, 2090, 4-3, 53.000 
18. Hartland, 2007, 6-1, 92.857 
19. Monroe^, 1992, 5-2, 73.571 
20. West Bloomfield, 1929, 6-1, 87.714 
21. Dearborn, 1876, 4-3, 60.571 
22. Westland John Glenn, 1872, 4-3, 52.286 
23. Warren Mott, 1870, 4-3, 63.429 
24. Oxford^, 1864, 5-2, 73.571 
25. Livonia Stevenson^, 1848, 5-2, 67.286 
26. Saline, 1844, 6-1, 90.086 
27. Walled Lake Central^, 1815, 5-2, 74.429 
28. Romeo, 1770, 4-3, 61.000 
29. Hudsonville, 1759, 4-3, 58.000 
30. Waterford Mott^, 1738, 5-2, 74.429 
31. Rochester Hills Stoney Creek, 1711, 4-3, 54.429 
32. Livonia Churchill, 1696, 6-1, 85.286 
33. Grand Ledge, 1689, 4-3, 55.714 
34. Fraser, 1684, 4-3, 57.429 
35. Waterford Kettering, 1610, 4-3, 53.286 
36. Temperance Bedford, 1600, 4-3, 59.571 
37. Warren Cousino, 1588, 4-3, 59.571 
38. Flint Carman-Ainsworth, 1568, 6-1, 84.000 
39. Warren DeLaSalle, 1562, 4-3, 50.886 
40. Detroit Martin Luther King, 1507, 7-0, 101.714 
41. Walled Lake Western, 1502, 6-1, 87.429 
42. Traverse City Central^, 1490, 5-2, 77.429 
43. Oak Park, 1486, 6-1, 86.571 
44. Brownstown Woodhaven, 1484, 7-0, 107.429 
45. Ypsilanti Lincoln^, 1422, 5-2, 65.857 
46. Caledonia^, 1417, 5-2, 76.143 
47. Portage Central*, 1384, 5-1, 83.000 
48. Southgate Anderson, 1374, 4-3, 54.429 
49. Lansing Everett^, 1364, 5-2, 68.571 
50. Dearborn Edsel Ford, 1356, 4-3, 54.857 
51. Wyandotte Roosevelt^, 1351, 5-2, 74.714 
52. Detroit East English^, 1345, 5-2, 69.143 
53. Portage Northern, 1345, 4-3, 61.048 
54. Port Huron^, 1336, 5-2, 76.714 
55. Grosse Pointe North, 1310, 4-3, 59.857 
56. Ypsilanti Community^, 1300, 5-2, 64.857 
57. Birmingham Brother Rice, 1298, 7-0, 107.429 
58. Swartz Creek, 1285, 4-3, 56.571 
59. Battle Creek Lakeview*, 1278, 5-1, 84.238 
60. Muskegon Mona Shores, 1274, 6-1, 94.429 
61. Okemos, 1273, 4-3, 61.000 
62. Birmingham Groves, 1270, 6-1, 81.857 
63. Berkley, 1265, 6-1, 83.000 
64. Flushing, 1260, 6-1, 86.000 
65. Midland Dow, 1255, 7-0, 101.714 
66. South Lyon, 1254, 6-1, 87.143 
67. Southfield^, 1239, 5-2, 68.857 
68. Farmington Hills Harrison, 1212, 6-1, 88.714 
69. Mattawan, 1184, 4-3, 54.476 
70. Fenton, 1181, 7-0, 100.571 
71. Farmington, 1178, 6-1, 86.429 
72. Grand Rapids Northview^, 1177, 5-2, 66.429 
73. Warren Woods Tower, 1175, 6-1, 81.857 
74. Muskegon, 1157, 7-0, 101.714 
75. St. Clair Shores Lake Shore, 1153, 4-3, 52.429 
76. Lowell, 1145, 7-0, 96.000 
77. Detroit Renaissance^, 1144, 5-2, 62.714 
78. Greenville, 1130, 4-3, 47.000 
79. Gibraltar Carlson, 1129, 4-3, 51.000 
80. Battle Creek Central, 1124, 4-3, 53.238 
81. Grand Rapids Forest Hills Northern, 1113, 6-1, 85.286 
82. Detroit Cody, 1096, 4-3, 51.000 
83. Marquette, 1090, 6-1, 76.857 
84. St. Johns, 1088, 6-1, 84.286 
85. Byron Center, 1085, 6-1, 80.714 
86. Allen Park, 1069, 6-1, 83.143 
87. Auburn Hills Avondale, 1056, 4-3, 51.286 
88. Orchard Lake St. Mary's, 1054, 6-1, 90.000 
89. Mt. Pleasant^, 1050, 5-2, 65.714 
90. Mason, 1032, 4-3, 54.571 
91. St. Joseph, 1028, 4-3, 53.143 
92. Redford Thurston, 1024, 4-3, 54.286 
93. East Grand Rapids, 986, 4-3, 58.286 
94. Petoskey^, 965, 5-2, 68.857 
95. Trenton, 955, 4-3, 52.429 
96. Romulus^, 950, 5-2, 58.714 
97. Riverview^, 935, 5-2, 61.000 
98. DeWitt, 930, 7-0, 102.857 
99. Gaylord^, 927, 5-2, 65.429 
100. Linden^, 921, 5-2, 66.714 
101. Detroit Mumford, 919, 4-3, 54.571 
102. Middleville Thornapple Kellogg, 914, 4-3, 50.571 
103. Cedar Springs, 910, 6-1, 81.571 
104. Grand Rapids Christian^, 895, 5-2, 70.286 
105. Fruitport, 890, 4-3, 51.000 
106. Stevensville Lakeshore, 887, 6-1, 88.476 
107. Niles^, 885, 5-2, 66.238 
108. Coldwater, 876, 6-1, 67.143 
109. Tecumseh, 869, 4-3, 58.000 
110. New Boston Huron, 867, 6-1, 78.571 
111. Warren Fitzgerald, 857, 4-3, 49.571 
112. Zeeland West, 850, 7-0, 86.857 
113. Dearborn Divine Child^, 848, 5-2, 61.571 
114. Bay City John Glenn^, 847, 5-2, 55.286 
115. Battle Creek Harper Creek, 845, 4-3, 47.857 
116. St. Clair, 844, 6-1, 84.286 
117. Edwardsburg, 839, 6-1, 77.143 
118. Chelsea^, 838, 5-2, 70.857 
119. Detroit Old Redford, 837, 4-3, 42.000 
120. Charlotte, 836, 4-3, 45.000 
121. Plainwell, 812, 6-1, 72.714 
122. Marysville, 806, 4-3, 52.571 
123. Spring Lake, 802, 4-3, 48.429 
124. Detroit Denby, 800, 4-3, 59.000 
125. Vicksburg^, 794, 5-2, 65.143 
126. Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook-Kingswood^, 790, 5-2, 48.000 
127. Eaton Rapids, 773, 4-3, 47.714 
128. Cadillac, 747, 7-0, 100.571 
129. Goodrich, 737, 6-1, 74.000 
130. Three Rivers, 722, 4-3, 56.714 
131. Dearborn Heights Robichaud, 717, 7-0, 87.238 
132. Yale^, 716, 5-2, 55.286 
133. Harper Woods Chandler Park Academy^, 691, 5-2, 60.286 
134. Detroit Country Day, 690, 4-3, 51.714 
135. Allendale, 689, 4-3, 49.857 
136. Muskegon Orchard View, 662, 4-3, 45.143 
137. Williamston, 659, 6-1, 75.143 
138. Paw Paw, 657, 4-3, 47.571 
139. Grand Rapids Catholic Central, 655, 4-3, 51.018 
140. Lansing Sexton, 652, 7-0, 105.143 
141. Whitehall, 644, 6-1, 64.714 
142. Grosse Ile^, 640, 5-2, 58.714 
143. Kalamazoo Hackett^, 635, 5-2, 51.429 
144. Detroit Collegiate Prep, 634, 4-3, 45.143 
145. Richmond, 630, 6-1, 75.143 
146. Imlay City, 629, 4-3, 40.571 
147. Grand Rapids South Christian^, 623, 5-2, 64.000 
148. Wyoming Kelloggsville^, 610, 5-2, 56.286 
149. Wyoming Godwin Heights, 609, 4-3, 40.429 
150. Saginaw Swan Valley, 602, 7-0, 83.429 
151. Clawson, 589, 4-3, 43.429 
152. Birch Run, 575, 6-1, 69.286 
153. Essexville Garber, 574, 4-3, 45.714 
154. Remus Chippewa Hills, 567, 6-1, 74.714 
155. Marine City, 553, 7-0, 88.000 
156. Flint Powers Catholic^, 553, 5-2, 65.571 
157. Freeland, 549, 6-1, 69.429 
158. Ann Arbor Gabriel Richard^, 545, 5-2, 52.095 
159. Stanton Central Montcalm, 539, 4-3, 50.857 
160. Portland, 538, 4-3, 51.143 
161. Menominee, 532, 7-0, 90.381 
162. River Rouge, 530, 6-1, 72.167 
163. Detroit University Prep^, 530, 5-2, 58.571 
164. Frankenmuth, 528, 6-1, 72.857 
165. Gladwin^, 528, 5-2, 49.429 
166. Ida, 527, 6-1, 64.714 
167. Hopkins, 522, 6-1, 71.667 
168. Lansing Catholic, 515, 7-0, 90.286 
169. Almont, 512, 7-0, 82.286 
170. Newaygo, 506, 6-1, 70.429 
171. Olivet, 505, 6-1, 70.143 
172. Muskegon Oakridge, 501, 6-1, 68.286 
173. Berrien Springs^, 501, 5-2, 57.857 
174. Onsted^, 499, 5-2, 44.857 
175. Ovid-Elsie, 487, 4-3, 48.857 
176. Chesaning, 480, 4-3, 43.714 
177. Detroit Central Collegiate, 479, 4-3, 46.429 
178. Manistee, 479, 4-3, 42.571 
179. Stockbridge, 462, 4-3, 47.286 
180. Reed City, 461, 6-1, 68.143 
181. Clare^, 445, 5-2, 55.286 
182. Harrison, 444, 7-0, 70.857 
183. Kingsley, 439, 4-3, 45.286 
184. Grand Rapids West Catholic, 438, 7-0, 88.000 
185. Delton Kellogg, 428, 4-3, 41.952 
186. Lakeview, 426, 6-1, 56.000 
187. Beaverton, 422, 4-3, 39.714 
188. Calumet, 419, 4-3, 49.429 
189. Jonesville, 419, 4-3, 37.714 
190. Jackson Lumen Christi, 417, 7-0, 86.857 
191. Monroe St. Mary Catholic Central, 417, 7-0, 96.000 
192. Negaunee, 417, 4-3, 39.286 
193. Millington, 414, 7-0, 86.629 
194. Warren Michigan Collegiate, 414, 7-0, 80.000 
195. Fennville, 407, 4-3, 38.143 
196. Ithaca, 405, 7-0, 83.429 
197. Sanford Meridian Early College^, 404, 5-2, 43.714 
198. Mason County Central, 404, 4-3, 36.000 
199. Hillsdale, 401, 6-1, 62.571 
200. Hanover-Horton, 399, 6-1, 54.429 
201. Boyne City, 395, 7-0, 72.381 
202. Grass Lake^, 395, 5-2, 45.857 
203. Madison Heights Madison, 393, 6-1, 83.000 
204. Morley Stanwood, 393, 4-3, 38.143 
205. Montrose, 392, 6-1, 62.429 
206. Tawas^, 385, 5-2, 59.800 
207. Elk Rapids, 384, 4-3, 44.095 
208. Niles Brandywine, 383, 6-1, 66.810 
209. Manchester, 379, 6-1, 68.286 
210. Watervliet, 378, 6-1, 54.429 
211. Quincy^, 375, 5-2, 27.778 
212. Vassar, 375, 4-3, 35.286 
213. St. Charles, 373, 4-3, 45.429 
214. Constantine, 371, 6-1, 68.524 
215. Bad Axe, 371, 4-3, 41.143 
216. Clinton, 367, 7-0, 75.429 
217. Vandercook Lake^, 366, 5-2, 48.286 
218. Laingsburg, 361, 4-3, 36.286 
219. Schoolcraft, 361, 4-3, 48.381 
220. Charlevoix, 353, 4-3, 45.286 
221. Flint Beecher, 350, 7-0, 80.000 
222. Grand Rapids NorthPointe Christian, 347, 6-1, 70.429 
223. Leroy Pine River, 343, 4-3, 39.429 
224. Ravenna, 342, 6-1, 60.143 
225. Carson City-Crystal^, 330, 5-2, 48.381 
226. Bridgman*, 327, 5-1, 59.000 
227. Ishpeming Westwood^, 318, 5-2, 43.571 
228. Marlette^, 316, 5-2, 46.286 
229. Lawton, 316, 4-3, 33.571 
230. Cass City, 314, 4-3, 38.714 
231. Homer, 312, 6-1, 54.286 
232. Elkton-Pigeon-Bay Port Laker, 308, 7-0, 68.571 
233. Ishpeming*, 307, 7-0, 78.857 
234. Sandusky, 307, 4-3, 40.143
235. Traverse City St. Francis^, 305, 5-2, 55.810 
236. Burton Atherton^, 304, 5-2, 54.262 
237. Pewamo-Westphalia, 302, 6-1, 57.857 
238. Gobles, 301, 6-1, 56.857 
239. Dansville^, 301, 5-2, 47.286 
240. Iron Mountain, 298, 4-3, 42.000 
241. Riverview Gabriel Richard, 297, 4-3, 46.333 
242. Flint Hamady, 295, 4-3, 34.286 
243. McBain, 295, 4-3, 37.048 
244. Union City, 294, 7-0, 67.429 
245. Whittemore-Prescott, 283, 7-0, 74.286 
246. Mancelona, 282, 4-3, 28.571 
247. Saugatuck^, 281, 5-2, 44.714 
248. Detroit Loyola, 278, 7-0, 91.810 
249. Manton^, 276, 5-2, 43.619 
250. Royal Oak Shrine Catholic^, 273, 5-2, 53.429 
251. Hudson, 271, 6-1, 61.286 
252. Grosse Pointe Woods University Liggett, 270, 6-1, 60.000 
253. Cassopolis, 269, 4-3, 34.714 
254. Decatur, 262, 7-0, 81.143 
255. Lincoln Alcona, 260, 4-3, 33.714 
256. Iron River West Iron County, 259, 7-0, 78.143 
257. New Lothrop, 259, 7-0, 74.286 
258. Blanchard Montabella, 256, 4-3, 41.714 
259. Breckenridge, 247, 4-3, 39.286 
260. Onekama, 244, 4-3, 31.571 
261. Saginaw Michigan Lutheran Seminary, 243, 6-1, 61.429 
262. Suttons Bay, 243, 6-1, 63.976 
263. Indian River Inland Lakes, 242, 6-1, 47.714 
264. Ottawa Lake Whiteford, 238, 4-3, 37.429 
265. Johannesburg-Lewiston, 237, 6-1, 50.000 
266. Petersburg-Summerfield, 233, 4-3, 41.143 
267. Harbor Beach, 232, 7-0, 72.000 
268. Bessemer*^, 231, 4-2, 35.750 
269. L'Anse, 230, 4-3, 36.286 
270. White Pigeon, 226, 4-3, 37.952 
271. Beal City, 222, 6-1, 66.000 
272. Lutheran Westland^, 221, 5-2, 47.000 
273. AuGres-Sims, 221, 4-3, 29.000 
274. Coleman, 217, 6-1, 55.667 
275. Mendon, 214, 6-1, 65.286 
276. St. Ignace, 211, 7-0, 68.571 
277. Fulton, 211, 4-3, 41.000 
278. Newberry, 211, 4-3, 31.667 
279. Pittsford^, 205, 5-2, 38.905 
280. Munising, 194, 6-1, 51.524 
281. Bark River-Harris^, 194, 5-2, 39.095 
282. Central Lake, 190, 4-3, 29.714 
283. Fowler, 189, 7-0, 66.286 
284. Morenci, 184, 6-1, 66.000 
285. Muskegon Catholic Central, 183, 7-0, 90.286 
286. Sterling Heights Parkway Christian, 171, 4-3, 43.905 
287. Climax-Scotts, 169, 7-0, 50.286 
288. Waterford Our Lady, 169, 6-1, 69.429 
289. Crystal Falls Forest Park*, 167, 5-1, 45.321 
290. Lake Linden-Hubbell, 163, 6-1, 60.179 
291. Frankfort*, 156, 5-1, 51.762 
292. Colon*^, 156, 4-2, 36.667 
293. Hillman, 139, 7-0, 59.429 
294. Baldwin, 137, 6-1, 51.000 
295. Mt. Pleasant Sacred Heart, 124, 4-3, 42.381 
296. Clarkston Everest Collegiate*, 105, 6-0, 62.476 

8-Player Playoff Listing

1. Rapid River, 108, 7-0, 55.429
2. Peck, 158, 7-0, 54.857
3. Battle Creek St. Philip, 157, 7-0, 52.571
4. Bellaire, 151, 7-0, 52.000
5. Portland St. Patrick, 96, 7-0, 51.429
6. Lawrence, 191, 7-0, 44.571
7. Deckerville, 183, 6-1, 44.286
8. Cedarville, 158, 6-1, 44.286
9. Owendale-Gagetown, 49, 6-1, 41.571
10. Waldron, 89, 5-2, 34.857
11. Kingston, 191, 4-3, 33.286
12. Morrice, 196, 4-3, 29.381
13. Big Rapids Crossroads Academy, 188, 3-4, 24.238
14. Burr Oak, 69, 4-3, 24.000
15. Caseville, 81, 3-4, 23.714
16. Engadine, 85, 3-4, 22.714
17. New Haven Merritt Academy, 145, 4-3, 22.286
18. Posen, 90, 3-4, 21.000
19. Ontonagon*, 138, 3-3, 18.857
20. Webberville, 189, 3-4, 18.714
21. Ewen-Trout Creek, 135, 2-5, 13.286
22. Eben Junction Superior Central, 126, 2-5, 13.286
23. Akron-Fairgrove, 99, 2-5, 11.571
24. Kinde-North Huron, 172, 1-6, 11.143
25. Carsonville-Port Sanilac, 147, 1-6, 9.286
26. St. Joseph Michigan Lutheran*, 101, 1-6, 8.429
27. Tekonsha, 146, 1-6, 8.000
28. Brimley, 144, 1-6, 7.619
29. Litchfield, 106, 0-7, 3.000
30. Flint Michigan School for the Deaf, 56, 0-7, 2.571
31. St. Helen Charlton Heston Academy, 54, 0-7, 2.476