New Math: Division & Multiplication Problems
July 25, 2017
By Jack Roberts
MHSAA Executive Director
This is the second part in a series on MHSAA tournament classification, past and present, that will be published over the next two weeks. This series originally ran in this spring's edition of MHSAA benchmarks.
High school tournament classifications went viral before there was social media and most of us knew what “viral” meant.
Much as a virus infects computers today or has created epidemics of disease around the world for centuries, high school tournament classification – once introduced – tends to spread uncontrollably. Once started, it tends to keep expanding and rarely contracts.
While we are still some distance from providing every team a trophy as a result of expanding high school tournament classification across the country, there is criticism nevertheless that we are headed in that direction – a philosophy which is supposed to exist only in local youth sports for our youngest children.
Michigan could be blamed for all this. Michigan is generally accepted as the first state to provide different classifications for season-ending tournaments for different sized schools. It started a century ago. Today, every state has various classifications for its tournaments in most if not all sports. And it is a bit ironic that Michigan – creator of the classification chaos – more than most other states has kept the number of tournament classes or divisions under control.
Yes, there is evidence that tournament classifications have expanded over the years in Michigan, especially with the relatively recent introduction of tournaments in football and the late 1990s’ move from classes to divisions in most MHSAA tournaments. But the MHSAA Representative Council has held true to its word when it expanded the playoffs for football from four classes to eight divisions: this is needed because of unique factors of football, factors that exist in no other sport; and all other sports should be capped at a maximum of four classes or divisions.
Kentucky is the preeminent defender of single-class basketball. All of its 276 high schools compete for the single state championship for each gender. In Indiana, there are still open wounds from its move in 1998 from one to four classes for its 400 schools in basketball.
Multi-class tournaments have tended to increase the number of non-public school champions, which some states are trying to lower through enrollment “multipliers,” and also tend to increase the number of repeat champions, which some states are trying to affect with “success factors” which lift smaller schools into classifications for larger schools if they take home too many trophies.
While there is considerable evidence that state tournaments do as much bad as good for educational athletics, state associations persist in providing postseason tournaments because, on balance, the experiences are supposed to be good for student-athletes. And once we reach that conclusion it is just a small leap to believe that if the tournaments are good for a few, they must be better for more – which leads to creating more and more tournament classifications. One becomes two classes, then three, then four and so forth.
While the argument is that more classifications or divisions provides more students with opportunities to compete and win, it is undeniable that the experience changes as the number of tournament classifications expands. It is not possible for state associations to provide the same level of support when tournament classifications expand to multiple venues playing simultaneously. For example, there is less audio and video broadcast potential at each venue, and less media coverage to each venue. Focus is diluted and fans diminished at each championship.
No one can argue reasonably that today's two-day MHSAA Football Finals of eight championship games has the same pizazz as the one-day, four-games event conducted prior to 1990.
In some states the number of divisions has grown so much that it is difficult to see much difference between the many season-ending state championship games and a regular-season event in the same sport.
It is a balancing act. And Michigan has been studying that balance longer than any other state, and charting a steadier course than most.
Addition by Division
The shift to Divisions for MHSAA Tournament play in numerous sports has added up to a greater number of champions for teams and individuals across the state. Following are the sports currently employing a divisional format, and the procedures for determining enrollment and classification.
In 23 statewide or Lower Peninsula tournaments, schools which sponsor the sport are currently divided into nearly equal divisions. They are:
- Baseball - 4 Divisions
- Boys Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Competitive Cheer - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Golf - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Golf - 4 Divisions
- Ice Hockey - 3 Divisions
- Boys Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Girls Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Boys Skiing - 2 Divisions
- Girls Skiing - 2 Divisions
- LP Boys Soccer - 4 Divisions LP
- Girls Soccer - 4 Divisions
- Girls Softball - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Girls Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Boys Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- Wrestling - 4 Divisions
Lists of schools for each division of these 23 tournaments are posted on MHSAA.com approximately April 1. Listings of schools in Upper Peninsula tournaments for their sports are also posted on MHSAA.com. The lists are based on school memberships and sports sponsorships in effect or anticipated for the following school year, as known to the MHSAA office as of a date in early March.
In football, the 256 schools which qualify for MHSAA 11-player playoffs are placed in eight equal divisions annually on Selection Sunday. Beginning in 2017, the 8-player divisions will be determined in a like manner on Selection Sunday as well, with 32 qualifying schools placed in two divisions.
Schools have the option to play in any higher division in one or more sports for a minimum of two years.
The deadlines for "opt-ups" are as follows:
- Applications for fall sports must be submitted by April 15
- Applications for winter sports must be submitted by Aug. 15
- Applications for spring sports must be submitted by Oct. 15
Subsequent to the date of these postings for these tournaments, no school will have its division raised or lowered by schools opening or closing, schools adding or dropping sports, schools exercising the option to play in a higher division, or approval or dissolution of cooperative programs.
When the same sport is conducted for boys and girls in the same season (e.g., track & field and cross country), the gender that has the most sponsoring schools controls the division breaks for both genders.
Sturgis Girls Strong Again After 1st Finals Win, Surging in Repeat Pursuit
By
Scott Hassinger
Special for MHSAA.com
May 12, 2026
STURGIS – Sturgis girls track & field coach Lesley Starkey recalls working with a special group of young athletes a few years back in the Girls on the Run Program.
She is now reaping the rewards of that group's early introduction to running.
After winning the 2025 MHSAA Lower-Peninsula Division 2 Finals championship, Sturgis is off to another fabulous start this spring.
Led by seven returning runners who competed at the Finals a year ago, the Trojans haven't missed a beat despite losing some big-time contributors off that squad.
Sturgis has continued to thrive, completing the Wolverine Conference dual-meet season with a 7-0 mark and earning first in Friday's league meet in Vicksburg to capture a second-consecutive outright conference title.
Now the Trojans' attention shifts to repeating as Regional, St. Joseph County and Finals champions. The Trojans host their Regional on Friday.
Starkey, a native of Albion and a University of Michigan graduate, knew her team had the potential to do something out of the ordinary last season.
"We knew this group was special. I had watched these girls from the time they were in elementary school, junior high and they were very composed once they got to high school," said Starkey, a distance-running standout when she competed for the Wolverines.
The Trojans' coach used a situation at the 2025 Finals meet as an example when describing her athletes’ resolve.
"We were thrown a curveball last year at state with only one coach being allowed down on the infield during the meet. I decided that person should be Elton Raines, our sprint and relay coach,” Starkey said. “Our girls proved it wasn't necessary to have all us coaches there. They showed great maturity by doing it all on their own.”
J.B. Starkey, Lesley's husband, also grew up in Albion and then competed for Albion College in the steeplechase. Lesley teaches at Congress School in Sturgis, while J.B. is a physical education instructor at the high school and also the boys track & field coach. The couple have two children – 10-year old son Henry and daughter Alice, an eighth grader.
Sturgis' team was powered last season in the sprints and relays by now-Michigan freshman Keyanna O'Tey, who recently broke the Wolverines' record in the 200-meter dash at 23 seconds in the Duke Twilight Meet in Durham, N.C.
"Keyanna was home and came down and led our warmups at one of our practices. That shows that track & field is a path to something bigger in life than just sports," Lesley Starkey said.
Depth is once again a major strength at Sturgis with more than 50 athletes on the squad. The Trojans are especially strong in the relays and swept all four at the conference meet.
"Our relay teams have been huge for us this season. Our distance runners have also been a big focus, along with our hurdlers. Those kids have really stepped up and scored a lot of points in those areas," Starkey said.
Sturgis’ senior-dominated 3,200-meter relay of Sydney Bir, Tessa Hatt, Kinder Smith and Berkley Holtz has posted the second-fastest time in LP Division 2 this spring at 9:25.03 after earning third in the state as juniors.
"Winning state in the 3,200 relay has been in the back of our mind all year and we want to break our school record again. We have very good runners, and the coaching staff really pushes us. The girls before us set high standards and I believe we want to prove we can do that as well," said Bir, who will continue running at University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh and plans to study education with the intent of becoming a teacher and coach.
Among Bir's other goals before she's done with her prep career are to qualify for the Finals in the 400, in which she owns a personal-best time this year of 59.97.
Unlike most of her teammates, Smith concentrates solely on the four relay events.
"I really enjoy the relays because I'm so diverse in my running. I can go run a good 800 time in the longer relay and come back with a good 100-meter dash time in the 400 relay,” she said. “Everything can be individual in this sport, but we all know what we have to do to show up and get the job done for the team. No one complains, we just kind've lift one another up. It takes hard work and determination to get this done."
Smith will run for Spring Arbor University next and pursue a career as a nurse practitioner.
Sturgis' coach is excited about the Trojans' chances at the Finals in multiple events, especially the 3,200 relay.
"Sydney, Tessa, Kinder and Berkley are the most hungry event group of anyone on our team. They want to show what they can do. All four of them are college-bound runners. I've enjoyed working with them since they were really young, and its been so much fun," Starkey said.
Hatt signed recently to run cross country and track at North Central College, where she will study psychology with plans to obtain a degree in pediatric pre-occupational therapy.
"I used to want to be a teacher, but I became interested in helping kids in a different way," Hatt said.
In addition to the 3,200 relay, Hatt concentrates on the open 1,600 and 800 as well. She qualified for the Finals her junior year in the 800.
"We added Kinder to the 3,200 relay last year, and we all just really clicked. Since then we have all just done our part, and everything we do is to obtain the goal of winning state,” Hatt said. “Sydney gets out to such a strong start for us before she gives the baton to me. I try to maintain that. Kinder is faster than most teams’ third-leg runners, and Berkley does such a great job of chasing.”
Smith, Holtz and Bir team up with sophomore Olivia Green in the 1,600 relay, where the Trojans rank fourth in 4:10.01. Sophomore Addison Eicher, Smith, freshman Madelyn Oswald and senior Angela Cary are rated fifth in the 400-meter relay (50.87). Eicher, Cary, Bir and Smith comprise the team’s fourth-ranked 800-meter relay (1:47.21). The quartet already have met the Finals-qualifying time.
Cary has shined brightly in the high jump, where she is tied for third-best at 5-foot-5. She also long jumps (16-1) and competes in the two relays.
"As a junior I was only about a quarter inch off the school record in the long jump. I've been working on my landing, and that's a big key to reaching my goals there," she said.
"As a group we all enjoy spending time together. Our close connection is a big thing with this team. It helps to avoid any drama. We definitely are looking forward to Regionals and winning state again."
Holtz recently broke Ann Marie Arseneau's 10-year school record in the 3,200-meter run with a time of 11:09.63.
"I was feeling really good that day and just went for it. They had combined the boys and girls races and I ran with one of my friends from the guys team. It was a little unexpected considering I hadn't ran the 3,200 since I was a freshman. The meet was against Otsego, so we were just trying to score as many points as possible to win," said Holtz, who has prospered following a late-season ankle injury as a junior that required offseason surgery.
Holtz credits Sturgis' success on the track to her team's strong work ethic and a solid coaching staff.
"Our success is built on great teamwork. We all work well together and lift each other up. Our coaches put in a great deal of effort and that encourages us to give 100-percent effort during practice and running faster times," said Holtz, who plans to study nursing at U-M.
Holtz also owns Sturgis' school record in the open 800 (2:16).
Oswald is also a rising star in the pole vault with a personal-best effort of 9-9.
"Madelyn is a very versatile kid who has made a very big impact so far," Starkey said.
While Sturgis is relatively young in the throws, junior Vivian Massey – last year's Division 2 adaptive shot put champion, returns for her third season and is primed to repeat. She is a two-time Finals qualifier and placer.
"We graduated some good kids last season, but the leadership our current seniors bring to practice every day has helped shape our younger kids. It shows that they can be just as successful if they are willing to put in the work as well,” Starkey said. “This is a real driven group who are super positive, and they celebrate each other's success. Their main goal is to build on the program's success. We have great team chemistry and a lot of these girls run cross country, play basketball and the opportunity to spend time so much time together has created a tight bond.”
Scott Hassinger is a contributing sportswriter for Leader Publications and previously served as the sports editor for the Three Rivers Commercial-News from 1994-2022. He can be reached at [email protected] with story ideas for Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph and Branch counties.
PHOTOS (Top) Sydney Bir, right, hands off the baton in the 800-meter relay to senior teammate Kinder Smith during a meet. (Middle) Berkley Holtz carries the baton during her leg in the 3,200-meter relay. (Below) Senior Tessa Hatt prepares to take the baton from a teammate during the 3,200-meter relay this season against Otsego. (Photos provided by Sturgis Public Schools.)