New Math: Division & Multiplication Problems
July 25, 2017
By Jack Roberts
MHSAA Executive Director
This is the second part in a series on MHSAA tournament classification, past and present, that will be published over the next two weeks. This series originally ran in this spring's edition of MHSAA benchmarks.
High school tournament classifications went viral before there was social media and most of us knew what “viral” meant.
Much as a virus infects computers today or has created epidemics of disease around the world for centuries, high school tournament classification – once introduced – tends to spread uncontrollably. Once started, it tends to keep expanding and rarely contracts.
While we are still some distance from providing every team a trophy as a result of expanding high school tournament classification across the country, there is criticism nevertheless that we are headed in that direction – a philosophy which is supposed to exist only in local youth sports for our youngest children.
Michigan could be blamed for all this. Michigan is generally accepted as the first state to provide different classifications for season-ending tournaments for different sized schools. It started a century ago. Today, every state has various classifications for its tournaments in most if not all sports. And it is a bit ironic that Michigan – creator of the classification chaos – more than most other states has kept the number of tournament classes or divisions under control.
Yes, there is evidence that tournament classifications have expanded over the years in Michigan, especially with the relatively recent introduction of tournaments in football and the late 1990s’ move from classes to divisions in most MHSAA tournaments. But the MHSAA Representative Council has held true to its word when it expanded the playoffs for football from four classes to eight divisions: this is needed because of unique factors of football, factors that exist in no other sport; and all other sports should be capped at a maximum of four classes or divisions.
Kentucky is the preeminent defender of single-class basketball. All of its 276 high schools compete for the single state championship for each gender. In Indiana, there are still open wounds from its move in 1998 from one to four classes for its 400 schools in basketball.
Multi-class tournaments have tended to increase the number of non-public school champions, which some states are trying to lower through enrollment “multipliers,” and also tend to increase the number of repeat champions, which some states are trying to affect with “success factors” which lift smaller schools into classifications for larger schools if they take home too many trophies.
While there is considerable evidence that state tournaments do as much bad as good for educational athletics, state associations persist in providing postseason tournaments because, on balance, the experiences are supposed to be good for student-athletes. And once we reach that conclusion it is just a small leap to believe that if the tournaments are good for a few, they must be better for more – which leads to creating more and more tournament classifications. One becomes two classes, then three, then four and so forth.
While the argument is that more classifications or divisions provides more students with opportunities to compete and win, it is undeniable that the experience changes as the number of tournament classifications expands. It is not possible for state associations to provide the same level of support when tournament classifications expand to multiple venues playing simultaneously. For example, there is less audio and video broadcast potential at each venue, and less media coverage to each venue. Focus is diluted and fans diminished at each championship.
No one can argue reasonably that today's two-day MHSAA Football Finals of eight championship games has the same pizazz as the one-day, four-games event conducted prior to 1990.
In some states the number of divisions has grown so much that it is difficult to see much difference between the many season-ending state championship games and a regular-season event in the same sport.
It is a balancing act. And Michigan has been studying that balance longer than any other state, and charting a steadier course than most.
Addition by Division
The shift to Divisions for MHSAA Tournament play in numerous sports has added up to a greater number of champions for teams and individuals across the state. Following are the sports currently employing a divisional format, and the procedures for determining enrollment and classification.
In 23 statewide or Lower Peninsula tournaments, schools which sponsor the sport are currently divided into nearly equal divisions. They are:
- Baseball - 4 Divisions
- Boys Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Competitive Cheer - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Golf - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Golf - 4 Divisions
- Ice Hockey - 3 Divisions
- Boys Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Girls Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Boys Skiing - 2 Divisions
- Girls Skiing - 2 Divisions
- LP Boys Soccer - 4 Divisions LP
- Girls Soccer - 4 Divisions
- Girls Softball - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Girls Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Boys Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- Wrestling - 4 Divisions
Lists of schools for each division of these 23 tournaments are posted on MHSAA.com approximately April 1. Listings of schools in Upper Peninsula tournaments for their sports are also posted on MHSAA.com. The lists are based on school memberships and sports sponsorships in effect or anticipated for the following school year, as known to the MHSAA office as of a date in early March.
In football, the 256 schools which qualify for MHSAA 11-player playoffs are placed in eight equal divisions annually on Selection Sunday. Beginning in 2017, the 8-player divisions will be determined in a like manner on Selection Sunday as well, with 32 qualifying schools placed in two divisions.
Schools have the option to play in any higher division in one or more sports for a minimum of two years.
The deadlines for "opt-ups" are as follows:
- Applications for fall sports must be submitted by April 15
- Applications for winter sports must be submitted by Aug. 15
- Applications for spring sports must be submitted by Oct. 15
Subsequent to the date of these postings for these tournaments, no school will have its division raised or lowered by schools opening or closing, schools adding or dropping sports, schools exercising the option to play in a higher division, or approval or dissolution of cooperative programs.
When the same sport is conducted for boys and girls in the same season (e.g., track & field and cross country), the gender that has the most sponsoring schools controls the division breaks for both genders.
Opsal Overcomes Potential Season-Ending Injury to End Season as Champion
By
Steve Vedder
Special for MHSAA.com
March 24, 2026
You couldn't blame Kade Opsal for being a little teary-eyed as he stood quietly on the medal stand at the Lower Peninsula Division 3 Swimming & Diving Finals earlier this month at Holland Aquatics Center.
By rights, you could easily make the case he shouldn't have been there.
It wasn't through a lack of talent for the Adrian senior, who was undefeated in four years of conference championship meets in the 50-yard freestyle and 100 backstroke while taking second in Division 3 in the 100 backstroke as a junior. Talent wasn't the problem.
The problem was the freak accident Opsal had suffered six months ago which doctors feared could cost him his final year of swimming.
So as Opsal waited anxiously on the stand for a medal to be hung around his neck, he found himself fighting a flood of emotion.
"My coach handed out the medal, and I heard my name over the public address system," he said. "I leaned down and my coach said, 'You really did it.' I got a little emotional, I cried a little. I was so full of emotion. I was glad I had finished my career how I did."
Opsal's dream for his final year of high school swimming was simple: win a Finals championship. But that goal seemed potentially unattainable after an accident on the soccer field in early September.
After having been convinced by friends to go out for soccer when Adrian needed a goalkeeper, Opsal stepped up to fill the void. But during a practice session, Opsal faced shot from a teammate less than a dozen feet away. He stuck his hand in front of his face to shield himself from the shot, but the ball crashed into Opsal's wrist, causing a fracture of the scaphoid bone near where his wrist and thumb meet.
It was the second time Opsal had broken the bone. The first was during the swim Finals as a freshman when he slammed his hand into the end of the pool at the end of a race. He spent 16 weeks in a cast.
But while Opsal dodged surgery three years ago, this time doctors diagnosed a displaced fracture which resulted in surgery, screws inserted in the wrist and a bone graft. Qualifying for the Finals and fulfilling a lifelong dream at that point seemed miles away, Opsal admitted.
"I went into a spiral," he said. "I thought I was going to miss the whole season. It was terrible."
Doctors weren't exactly in disagreement with that prognosis. After surgery Oct. 12, doctors encased his hand in a nine-pound cast, basically a club, Opsal said. He spent two weeks in the cast, had a checkup, spent four more weeks in a cast, then was placed in a removeable cast. By now it was the second week of December, this season’s Finals were three months away, and Opsal had yet to enter the water. By Jan. 9, Opsal was finally pronounced ready to swim by doctors, but he was seriously behind in his attempt to simply qualify for the Division 3 championship meet, let alone be in the hunt to win a race there.
Still, Opsal wasn't ready to toss in his goggles.
"I knew I could do something with the little time I had left," he said. "I knew I had put in a lot of work over the summer and had gained like 30 pounds of muscle. But I didn't know how all that would translate in the final two months of the season. I did know that every practice and meet had to count."
By the MISCA meet in early February, there was a ray of light. Opsal swam a 21.2 in the 50 free and a 50.4 in the 100 backstroke. Suddenly there was hope that he still had a shot at his dream.
Opsal continued to pick up the pace until the Division 3 Finals prelims March 13. He wound up seeded first in the 100 backstroke with a time of 50.1 and was third in the 50 free.
There was, Opsal told himself, hope.
One day later, he began his Finals by helping Adrian's 200 medley relay to a ninth-place finish. Then, in his first attempt at a title, he finished runner-up in the 50 free with a time of 20.87.
Opsal's championship dream had come down to the 100 backstroke. He finally turned that dream into reality when he outdistanced Spring Lake's Dane Trask to win the event, swimming a lifetime-best time of 49.20 to nudge the 50.46 by Trask.
Tears aside on the medals stand, all Opsal could think about was advice he received from family members.
"I thought about my grandfather who always reminded me about that Vince Lombardi quote that winning wasn't everything, it was the only thing," he said. "I had thought I had a shot at it and I kept telling myself this was my senior year and I wanted to go out with a bang."
Considering his two broken hands and a fractured patella he suffered as a youngster, Opsal can now laugh at the obstacles he's had to overcome.
"My mom has definitely made comments that they need to bubble wrap me," he said. "I've been around the block in getting hurt."
PHOTOS (Top) Adrian’s Kade Opsal stands on the medal podium after winning the 100-yard backstroke at the Lower Peninsula Division 3 Finals in Holland. (Middle) Opsal swims to his championship. (Action photo by High School Sports Scene.)