New Math: Division & Multiplication Problems
July 25, 2017
By Jack Roberts
MHSAA Executive Director
This is the second part in a series on MHSAA tournament classification, past and present, that will be published over the next two weeks. This series originally ran in this spring's edition of MHSAA benchmarks.
High school tournament classifications went viral before there was social media and most of us knew what “viral” meant.
Much as a virus infects computers today or has created epidemics of disease around the world for centuries, high school tournament classification – once introduced – tends to spread uncontrollably. Once started, it tends to keep expanding and rarely contracts.
While we are still some distance from providing every team a trophy as a result of expanding high school tournament classification across the country, there is criticism nevertheless that we are headed in that direction – a philosophy which is supposed to exist only in local youth sports for our youngest children.
Michigan could be blamed for all this. Michigan is generally accepted as the first state to provide different classifications for season-ending tournaments for different sized schools. It started a century ago. Today, every state has various classifications for its tournaments in most if not all sports. And it is a bit ironic that Michigan – creator of the classification chaos – more than most other states has kept the number of tournament classes or divisions under control.
Yes, there is evidence that tournament classifications have expanded over the years in Michigan, especially with the relatively recent introduction of tournaments in football and the late 1990s’ move from classes to divisions in most MHSAA tournaments. But the MHSAA Representative Council has held true to its word when it expanded the playoffs for football from four classes to eight divisions: this is needed because of unique factors of football, factors that exist in no other sport; and all other sports should be capped at a maximum of four classes or divisions.
Kentucky is the preeminent defender of single-class basketball. All of its 276 high schools compete for the single state championship for each gender. In Indiana, there are still open wounds from its move in 1998 from one to four classes for its 400 schools in basketball.
Multi-class tournaments have tended to increase the number of non-public school champions, which some states are trying to lower through enrollment “multipliers,” and also tend to increase the number of repeat champions, which some states are trying to affect with “success factors” which lift smaller schools into classifications for larger schools if they take home too many trophies.
While there is considerable evidence that state tournaments do as much bad as good for educational athletics, state associations persist in providing postseason tournaments because, on balance, the experiences are supposed to be good for student-athletes. And once we reach that conclusion it is just a small leap to believe that if the tournaments are good for a few, they must be better for more – which leads to creating more and more tournament classifications. One becomes two classes, then three, then four and so forth.
While the argument is that more classifications or divisions provides more students with opportunities to compete and win, it is undeniable that the experience changes as the number of tournament classifications expands. It is not possible for state associations to provide the same level of support when tournament classifications expand to multiple venues playing simultaneously. For example, there is less audio and video broadcast potential at each venue, and less media coverage to each venue. Focus is diluted and fans diminished at each championship.
No one can argue reasonably that today's two-day MHSAA Football Finals of eight championship games has the same pizazz as the one-day, four-games event conducted prior to 1990.
In some states the number of divisions has grown so much that it is difficult to see much difference between the many season-ending state championship games and a regular-season event in the same sport.
It is a balancing act. And Michigan has been studying that balance longer than any other state, and charting a steadier course than most.
Addition by Division
The shift to Divisions for MHSAA Tournament play in numerous sports has added up to a greater number of champions for teams and individuals across the state. Following are the sports currently employing a divisional format, and the procedures for determining enrollment and classification.
In 23 statewide or Lower Peninsula tournaments, schools which sponsor the sport are currently divided into nearly equal divisions. They are:
- Baseball - 4 Divisions
- Boys Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Competitive Cheer - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Golf - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Golf - 4 Divisions
- Ice Hockey - 3 Divisions
- Boys Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Girls Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Boys Skiing - 2 Divisions
- Girls Skiing - 2 Divisions
- LP Boys Soccer - 4 Divisions LP
- Girls Soccer - 4 Divisions
- Girls Softball - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Girls Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Boys Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- Wrestling - 4 Divisions
Lists of schools for each division of these 23 tournaments are posted on MHSAA.com approximately April 1. Listings of schools in Upper Peninsula tournaments for their sports are also posted on MHSAA.com. The lists are based on school memberships and sports sponsorships in effect or anticipated for the following school year, as known to the MHSAA office as of a date in early March.
In football, the 256 schools which qualify for MHSAA 11-player playoffs are placed in eight equal divisions annually on Selection Sunday. Beginning in 2017, the 8-player divisions will be determined in a like manner on Selection Sunday as well, with 32 qualifying schools placed in two divisions.
Schools have the option to play in any higher division in one or more sports for a minimum of two years.
The deadlines for "opt-ups" are as follows:
- Applications for fall sports must be submitted by April 15
- Applications for winter sports must be submitted by Aug. 15
- Applications for spring sports must be submitted by Oct. 15
Subsequent to the date of these postings for these tournaments, no school will have its division raised or lowered by schools opening or closing, schools adding or dropping sports, schools exercising the option to play in a higher division, or approval or dissolution of cooperative programs.
When the same sport is conducted for boys and girls in the same season (e.g., track & field and cross country), the gender that has the most sponsoring schools controls the division breaks for both genders.
Sadler Primed for Big Finish to Championship-Filled Cass Tech Career
By
Keith Dunlap
Special for MHSAA.com
August 22, 2025
DETROIT — For C.J. Sadler, it all started with a token of generosity from a neighbor he calls “Mr. Johnson” when Sadler was just 7 years old.
Sadler recalls how Mr. Johnson – the grandfather of childhood friend Jalen Johnson, who went on to star at Belleville – paid for his for his initial registration for Detroit’s Police Athletic League.
Sadler said the elder Johnson noticed his aggressiveness while out playing with an older kid in the neighborhood, and saw something in Sadler that made him believe he was ready to give football a try.
So Mr. Johnson forked over $250 to help get Sadler enrolled in the youth football league.
“I’ll never, ever forget that,” Sadler said of Mr. Johnson, who has since passed away. “He’s the reason I’m doing this now.”
What Sadler is doing right now is establishing himself as one of the elite high school players in the Midwest.
A senior wideout/defensive back for 2024 Division 1 champion Detroit Cass Tech, Sadler is widely considered the state’s best player going into this season.
On Friday, he committed to play next for Bill Belichick at North Carolina, primarily because the Tar Heels will give him the opportunity to play on both sides of the ball in college.
“I definitely can pull it off,” Sadler said. “I know it’s college, and it’s the next level. But I told coaches I want to play both sides, and that’s what I want to do. Whatever I’ve got to do to do it, I’m going to do it.”
Anyone who watched Sadler during last season’s 42-20 win over Hudsonville in the Division 1 championship game sure knows what he can do on the field.
Sadler caught six passes for 47 yards and two touchdowns, finishing off a season that saw him catch 51 passes for 1,043 yards and 14 touchdowns total.
Defensively, he had three solo tackles and played his usual lockdown pass coverage in the secondary.
Sadler is entering this fall as a four-year varsity player, but he spent the first two years playing a lot of quarterback for the Technicians.
But when current quarterback Donald Tabron came into the fold as a freshman last year, Sadler approached Cass Tech coach Marvin Rushing with an idea.
“He was one of the gentlemen who approached us and said, ‘Hey, I think the team may actually flow better if Don is in the lead,’” Rushing said. “We had the opportunity to be more dynamic with him out on the edge. Obviously preparing for the next stage and college football, it was less wear and tear on him. He was fundamental and paramount in being able to transition because if your players resist, it’s hard to have that growth in the program.”
Before last season, Sadler made it a point to take the promising Tabron under his wing and help him get adjusted to varsity football and the tradition-rich program that is Cass Tech.
“He knows a lot about the game of football, and he knows a lot about Cass Tech football,” Tabron said. “He was just giving small tidbits when I need it and giving me small pieces of information to learn.”
After some initial growing pains, Tabron matured enough to help Cass Tech win another Division 1 title.
With the quarterback now a year older and more comfortable as a sophomore, Tabron to Sadler figures to be one of the most lethal passing combinations in the state.
Rushing said the biggest emphasis for Sadler has been taking care of his body and getting it ready for the next level, focusing on his flexibility, nutrition and hydration, which only enhances an incredible appetite to win.
“He despises losing, and it becomes contagious,” Rushing said. “Weight room, basketball, football. You could be playing video games with the guy. He doesn’t want to lose.”
Sadler actually has two state championship rings at Cass Tech, as he was a reserve as a freshman on Cass Tech’s basketball team that won the Division 1 title in 2023. He said he still communicates with the star of that team, Darius Acuff, who will be a freshman at Arkansas this year.
“That’s my brother,” Sadler said. “I just talk to him about his college life right now, and he’s telling me.”
A big senior season, a collegiate career and maybe even a professional opportunity down the road all are on the table for Sadler’s future.
No doubt, Mr. Johnson is above smiling and proud of it all.
Keith Dunlap has served in Detroit-area sports media for more than two decades, including as a sportswriter at the Oakland Press from 2001-16 primarily covering high school sports but also college and professional teams. His bylines also have appeared in USA Today, the Washington Post, the Detroit Free Press, the Houston Chronicle and the Boston Globe. He served as the administrator for the Oakland Activities Association’s website from 2017-2020. Contact him at [email protected] with story ideas for Oakland, Macomb and Wayne counties.
PHOTOS (Top) Detroit Cass Tech’s C.J. Sadler (1) stretches into the end zone for a touchdown during last year’s Division 1 Final at Ford Field. (Middle) Sadler has recently committed to continue at North Carolina.