New Math: Division & Multiplication Problems
July 25, 2017
By Jack Roberts
MHSAA Executive Director
This is the second part in a series on MHSAA tournament classification, past and present, that will be published over the next two weeks. This series originally ran in this spring's edition of MHSAA benchmarks.
High school tournament classifications went viral before there was social media and most of us knew what “viral” meant.
Much as a virus infects computers today or has created epidemics of disease around the world for centuries, high school tournament classification – once introduced – tends to spread uncontrollably. Once started, it tends to keep expanding and rarely contracts.
While we are still some distance from providing every team a trophy as a result of expanding high school tournament classification across the country, there is criticism nevertheless that we are headed in that direction – a philosophy which is supposed to exist only in local youth sports for our youngest children.
Michigan could be blamed for all this. Michigan is generally accepted as the first state to provide different classifications for season-ending tournaments for different sized schools. It started a century ago. Today, every state has various classifications for its tournaments in most if not all sports. And it is a bit ironic that Michigan – creator of the classification chaos – more than most other states has kept the number of tournament classes or divisions under control.
Yes, there is evidence that tournament classifications have expanded over the years in Michigan, especially with the relatively recent introduction of tournaments in football and the late 1990s’ move from classes to divisions in most MHSAA tournaments. But the MHSAA Representative Council has held true to its word when it expanded the playoffs for football from four classes to eight divisions: this is needed because of unique factors of football, factors that exist in no other sport; and all other sports should be capped at a maximum of four classes or divisions.
Kentucky is the preeminent defender of single-class basketball. All of its 276 high schools compete for the single state championship for each gender. In Indiana, there are still open wounds from its move in 1998 from one to four classes for its 400 schools in basketball.
Multi-class tournaments have tended to increase the number of non-public school champions, which some states are trying to lower through enrollment “multipliers,” and also tend to increase the number of repeat champions, which some states are trying to affect with “success factors” which lift smaller schools into classifications for larger schools if they take home too many trophies.
While there is considerable evidence that state tournaments do as much bad as good for educational athletics, state associations persist in providing postseason tournaments because, on balance, the experiences are supposed to be good for student-athletes. And once we reach that conclusion it is just a small leap to believe that if the tournaments are good for a few, they must be better for more – which leads to creating more and more tournament classifications. One becomes two classes, then three, then four and so forth.
While the argument is that more classifications or divisions provides more students with opportunities to compete and win, it is undeniable that the experience changes as the number of tournament classifications expands. It is not possible for state associations to provide the same level of support when tournament classifications expand to multiple venues playing simultaneously. For example, there is less audio and video broadcast potential at each venue, and less media coverage to each venue. Focus is diluted and fans diminished at each championship.
No one can argue reasonably that today's two-day MHSAA Football Finals of eight championship games has the same pizazz as the one-day, four-games event conducted prior to 1990.
In some states the number of divisions has grown so much that it is difficult to see much difference between the many season-ending state championship games and a regular-season event in the same sport.
It is a balancing act. And Michigan has been studying that balance longer than any other state, and charting a steadier course than most.
Addition by Division
The shift to Divisions for MHSAA Tournament play in numerous sports has added up to a greater number of champions for teams and individuals across the state. Following are the sports currently employing a divisional format, and the procedures for determining enrollment and classification.
In 23 statewide or Lower Peninsula tournaments, schools which sponsor the sport are currently divided into nearly equal divisions. They are:
- Baseball - 4 Divisions
- Boys Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Competitive Cheer - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Golf - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Golf - 4 Divisions
- Ice Hockey - 3 Divisions
- Boys Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Girls Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Boys Skiing - 2 Divisions
- Girls Skiing - 2 Divisions
- LP Boys Soccer - 4 Divisions LP
- Girls Soccer - 4 Divisions
- Girls Softball - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Girls Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Boys Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- Wrestling - 4 Divisions
Lists of schools for each division of these 23 tournaments are posted on MHSAA.com approximately April 1. Listings of schools in Upper Peninsula tournaments for their sports are also posted on MHSAA.com. The lists are based on school memberships and sports sponsorships in effect or anticipated for the following school year, as known to the MHSAA office as of a date in early March.
In football, the 256 schools which qualify for MHSAA 11-player playoffs are placed in eight equal divisions annually on Selection Sunday. Beginning in 2017, the 8-player divisions will be determined in a like manner on Selection Sunday as well, with 32 qualifying schools placed in two divisions.
Schools have the option to play in any higher division in one or more sports for a minimum of two years.
The deadlines for "opt-ups" are as follows:
- Applications for fall sports must be submitted by April 15
- Applications for winter sports must be submitted by Aug. 15
- Applications for spring sports must be submitted by Oct. 15
Subsequent to the date of these postings for these tournaments, no school will have its division raised or lowered by schools opening or closing, schools adding or dropping sports, schools exercising the option to play in a higher division, or approval or dissolution of cooperative programs.
When the same sport is conducted for boys and girls in the same season (e.g., track & field and cross country), the gender that has the most sponsoring schools controls the division breaks for both genders.
Winning Team's 1st Finals Title Just Start of Frank's Impact on Oxford Girls Wrestling
By
Keith Dunlap
Special for MHSAA.com
January 23, 2026
OXFORD — When she was in sixth grade, Cheyenne Frank initially was excited when a friend invited her to a wrestling practice on the first day of the season, mainly because that friend wanted to have another girl with her on a team full of boys.
But upon showing up for that practice, there was a slight problem for Frank, who had never wrestled before.
“She never showed up for practice,” Frank said of her friend. “She kind of bailed on the first day.”
Fortunately, despite not knowing anybody in a room full of boys and having no clue what wrestling was all about, she forged on and stayed at the practice.
“I just stuck with it,” she said. “I had no one to talk to, and then I eventually got to know the coaches and my teammates and it became really fun.”
Ever since, Frank certainly has had a lot of fun wrestling.
Now a senior at Oxford, Frank has grown to become one of the state’s top female wrestlers, and a pioneer of sorts for a tradition-rich Oxford wrestling program.
“For girls, she is our breadwinner for Oxford wrestling,” Wildcats assistant coach Carl Barnes said.
Frank has more than 100 career wins and is the reigning MHSAA Individual Finals champion in the girls 120-pound weight class, finishing last year with a 26-0 record after being runner-up as a sophomore. The Oxford boys team over the years has typically been a highly-acclaimed program – the Wildcats won the Division 1 Team Finals title in 2011 – but Frank became the program’s first Individual Finals girls champion.
“It means a lot to me,” said Frank, whose career record against girls and boys opponents is 122-24, including 29-1 this season (24-0 against girls). “I really like to see that (the sport) is growing too.”
Speaking over the phone Sunday, Frank said she was set to fly Tuesday to Turkey in order to pursue a unique opportunity.
Her mother is originally from Turkey and has dual citizenship, so Frank said she is spending the rest of this month trying out for a spot on Turkey’s under-23 world championship team in the 53-kilometer weight class.
“There’s just more opportunity for me to go the Turkish route,” Frank said.
When she comes back from Turkey, Frank will look to end her high school career with another Finals title at 120 pounds before embarking on a college career at Northern Michigan.
“I think I’m better technically,” Frank said. “A lot of my snapdowns have gotten better. I’m working on a lot of different shots right now. My hand-fighting is pretty good, but I’m still just trying to work on it. I also think maturity comes into play. I’m getting older, so I feel stronger. I can feel my movements have more muscle behind it.”
Even more meaningful may be Frank’s impact on the program even after she wrestles her last match for Oxford, given her success has been an inspiration already for other girls at the school to wrestle.
“Last year, we had I think three girls,” Frank said. “This year, we have 12 girls on the team. After kind of advertising it, having some girls come out here, it’s been really cool to see. We’re a newer team, but it’s crazy how much they’ve progressed, and they’ve really been just trying and getting after it. We’ve had crazy growth and a lot of girls are still wanting to try and come out.”
Barnes said at a recent assembly dual, it was Frank’s idea to stand in front of the student body and promote the girls wrestling program.
“We actually got six additional girls to come out the next day,” Barnes said. “That wouldn’t have happened without her.”
As much fun as the championships and matches won have been, that will ultimately be the most lasting legacy Frank will leave behind in Oxford.
“We’ve been sending out a girls program (to tournaments) basically every weekend,” Barnes said. “That’s greatly due to Cheyenne Frank.”
Keith Dunlap has served in Detroit-area sports media for more than two decades, including as a sportswriter at the Oakland Press from 2001-16 primarily covering high school sports but also college and professional teams. His bylines also have appeared in USA Today, the Washington Post, the Detroit Free Press, the Houston Chronicle and the Boston Globe. He served as the administrator for the Oakland Activities Association’s website from 2017-2020. Contact him at [email protected] with story ideas for Oakland, Macomb and Wayne counties.
PHOTOS (Top) Oxford’s Cheyenne Frank, left, wrestles Algonac’s Sky Langewicz during last season’s Individual Finals at Ford Field. (Middle) Frank holds up a banner celebrating her 100th victory after the championship win. (Click for more from High School Sports Scene.)