New Math: Division & Multiplication Problems
July 25, 2017
By Jack Roberts
MHSAA Executive Director
This is the second part in a series on MHSAA tournament classification, past and present, that will be published over the next two weeks. This series originally ran in this spring's edition of MHSAA benchmarks.
High school tournament classifications went viral before there was social media and most of us knew what “viral” meant.
Much as a virus infects computers today or has created epidemics of disease around the world for centuries, high school tournament classification – once introduced – tends to spread uncontrollably. Once started, it tends to keep expanding and rarely contracts.
While we are still some distance from providing every team a trophy as a result of expanding high school tournament classification across the country, there is criticism nevertheless that we are headed in that direction – a philosophy which is supposed to exist only in local youth sports for our youngest children.
Michigan could be blamed for all this. Michigan is generally accepted as the first state to provide different classifications for season-ending tournaments for different sized schools. It started a century ago. Today, every state has various classifications for its tournaments in most if not all sports. And it is a bit ironic that Michigan – creator of the classification chaos – more than most other states has kept the number of tournament classes or divisions under control.
Yes, there is evidence that tournament classifications have expanded over the years in Michigan, especially with the relatively recent introduction of tournaments in football and the late 1990s’ move from classes to divisions in most MHSAA tournaments. But the MHSAA Representative Council has held true to its word when it expanded the playoffs for football from four classes to eight divisions: this is needed because of unique factors of football, factors that exist in no other sport; and all other sports should be capped at a maximum of four classes or divisions.
Kentucky is the preeminent defender of single-class basketball. All of its 276 high schools compete for the single state championship for each gender. In Indiana, there are still open wounds from its move in 1998 from one to four classes for its 400 schools in basketball.
Multi-class tournaments have tended to increase the number of non-public school champions, which some states are trying to lower through enrollment “multipliers,” and also tend to increase the number of repeat champions, which some states are trying to affect with “success factors” which lift smaller schools into classifications for larger schools if they take home too many trophies.
While there is considerable evidence that state tournaments do as much bad as good for educational athletics, state associations persist in providing postseason tournaments because, on balance, the experiences are supposed to be good for student-athletes. And once we reach that conclusion it is just a small leap to believe that if the tournaments are good for a few, they must be better for more – which leads to creating more and more tournament classifications. One becomes two classes, then three, then four and so forth.
While the argument is that more classifications or divisions provides more students with opportunities to compete and win, it is undeniable that the experience changes as the number of tournament classifications expands. It is not possible for state associations to provide the same level of support when tournament classifications expand to multiple venues playing simultaneously. For example, there is less audio and video broadcast potential at each venue, and less media coverage to each venue. Focus is diluted and fans diminished at each championship.
No one can argue reasonably that today's two-day MHSAA Football Finals of eight championship games has the same pizazz as the one-day, four-games event conducted prior to 1990.
In some states the number of divisions has grown so much that it is difficult to see much difference between the many season-ending state championship games and a regular-season event in the same sport.
It is a balancing act. And Michigan has been studying that balance longer than any other state, and charting a steadier course than most.
Addition by Division
The shift to Divisions for MHSAA Tournament play in numerous sports has added up to a greater number of champions for teams and individuals across the state. Following are the sports currently employing a divisional format, and the procedures for determining enrollment and classification.
In 23 statewide or Lower Peninsula tournaments, schools which sponsor the sport are currently divided into nearly equal divisions. They are:
- Baseball - 4 Divisions
- Boys Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Bowling - 4 Divisions
- Girls Competitive Cheer - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Cross Country - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Golf - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Golf - 4 Divisions
- Ice Hockey - 3 Divisions
- Boys Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Girls Lacrosse - 2 Divisions
- Boys Skiing - 2 Divisions
- Girls Skiing - 2 Divisions
- LP Boys Soccer - 4 Divisions LP
- Girls Soccer - 4 Divisions
- Girls Softball - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Girls Swimming & Diving - 3 Divisions
- LP Boys Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Tennis - 4 Divisions
- LP Boys Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- LP Girls Track & Field - 4 Divisions
- Wrestling - 4 Divisions
Lists of schools for each division of these 23 tournaments are posted on MHSAA.com approximately April 1. Listings of schools in Upper Peninsula tournaments for their sports are also posted on MHSAA.com. The lists are based on school memberships and sports sponsorships in effect or anticipated for the following school year, as known to the MHSAA office as of a date in early March.
In football, the 256 schools which qualify for MHSAA 11-player playoffs are placed in eight equal divisions annually on Selection Sunday. Beginning in 2017, the 8-player divisions will be determined in a like manner on Selection Sunday as well, with 32 qualifying schools placed in two divisions.
Schools have the option to play in any higher division in one or more sports for a minimum of two years.
The deadlines for "opt-ups" are as follows:
- Applications for fall sports must be submitted by April 15
- Applications for winter sports must be submitted by Aug. 15
- Applications for spring sports must be submitted by Oct. 15
Subsequent to the date of these postings for these tournaments, no school will have its division raised or lowered by schools opening or closing, schools adding or dropping sports, schools exercising the option to play in a higher division, or approval or dissolution of cooperative programs.
When the same sport is conducted for boys and girls in the same season (e.g., track & field and cross country), the gender that has the most sponsoring schools controls the division breaks for both genders.
Negaunee Sends All 8 Flights to Championship Matches in Team Title Repeat
By
Jason Juno
Special for MHSAA.com
October 2, 2025
Negaunee was focused on getting to the championship matches in all eight flights at the Upper Peninsula Division 1 Finals. They won the team title because of their success doing so.
The Miners finished as U.P. Finals winners for the fourth straight year, edging Westwood by one point in Wednesday’s tournament at Westwood.
Negaunee picked up wins at No. 2 singles and No. 1 and 2 doubles. They made the finals in all four singles and all four doubles flights.
“Every girl knew their job was to make it to finals and then play their best tennis and leave it all out there. I am so proud of every flight for going out and doing just that,” Negaunee coach Megan Kerkela said. “We had three flights end in a win, but it was a team effort. Without every girl making the final, we would not have been able to pull out a win.”
Negaunee’s Rheana Nelson overcame a first-set loss to defeat Westwood’s Morgan Schneider 3-6, 6-1, 6-4 at No. 2 singles.
“Rheana Nelson had the longest final of the day,” Kerkela said. “She was the first to start and the last to finish. Rheana hasn’t been in a third-set situation yet this year, but anything can happen at U.P.s. Today she was able to play one ball better and show how consistent she can be.”
Clare O’Donnell and Nicole Kerkela took the No.1 doubles title in a three-set final win over Escanaba’s Aubrey Elliot and Brooklyn Hackleman, 6-4, 2-6, 6-4.
“One doubles might have had the best comeback of the day,” Coach Kerkela said. “They were down 1-4 in the third set, but they did not quit. Nicole had some great shots at the net, which were really a turning point in the match. Clare did a great job of staying consistent at the baseline and played smart tennis.”
And Sadie Rogers and Olivia Richards took down Westwood’s Makenna Olson and Ella Stacy 6-4, 6-3 in the No. 2 doubles championship match.
“(They) were unstoppable all year and they continued that through today,” Kerkela said. “They are a fierce combo, both strong athletes who aren’t afraid to be aggressive.”
Westwood took home victories at No. 3 and 4 singles and No. 3 and 4 doubles.
“I thought our team played great today,” Westwood coach Sarah Zindler said. “I know we lost by one point, but we actually won four finals.”
None of the Westwood winners had played on the Patriots’ senior-heavy varsity roster last year.
“I think just all season they developed so much because everything was new to them,” Zindler said. “And so their growth was a lot higher than someone that’s been there forever.”
Westwood’s Lyn Magnuson won the No. 3 singles final 6-2, 6-0 over Negaunee’s Stella Lenten. Magnuson finished the season undefeated at 3 singles with the win.
Magnuson, a sophomore, was never satisfied — if she won 6-3, 6-2, she wanted to win 6-1, 6-1 next time.
“I think that helped her focus — when you get up in a match, instead of giving up a few games because it’s no big deal, she had these goals for herself within the match, of no, I don’t want to drop more than a game in this set,” Zindler said. “And all season long, she was just impossible to beat.”
Patriots junior Emmi Hamel took the No. 4 singles final 6-3, 6-4 over the Miners’ Adelyn Chapman.
“Emmi, at 4 singles, is one of the most competitive girls on the team,” Zindler said. “And she just has some fire and spunk in her that you know that when she goes out there she’s going to compete for every single point whether she’s winning or losing.”
Hamel defeated Negaunee twice during the year but lost to Chapman in Mid-Peninsula Conference action last week.
“From that, she just mentally had to get herself in the right headspace, to be confident enough to go out there and just say, ‘I’m not losing today,’” Zindler said.
Westwood’s Tessa Burke and Emmi Carlson won 6-2, 7-6 (2) in the No. 3 doubles final over Negaunee’s Victoria Poutanen and Rebecca Lammi. They lost their first set in the semifinal to Marquette’s Charlyee Swajanen and Eva Dewitt, and they were down three games in the second set before coming back to win 6-4, 7-5.
Both Burke and Carlson are freshmen who picked up a racket this summer for the first time. They went to summer camp and open hits.
“I could just tell by how they developed and mentally, they’re both athletes playing other sports, that they just had the mental capabilities to jump into a varsity lineup, which is not an easy thing as a freshman, especially when you’re the only freshmen on the team,” Zindler said. “I just said from the start, you two are going to play together and you’re going to figure it out.”
Westwood sophomore Emerson Williams and junior Lauren Michaud-Richards won the No. 4 doubles final over Negaunee’s Paige O’Donnell and Maia Brunette. Williams and Michaud-Roberts had not beaten Negaunee before, but they did at the most important time.
Williams was new to the tennis team this year.
“She hadn’t played before, so when she first started the season, she wasn’t necessarily the best player, but she just developed so much quicker than people that had played before,” Zindler said. “And I noticed right away that she had an athleticism, especially at the net that you can’t really teach people. Just her ability to read the ball, paired with Lauren’s great ground strokes from the back.”
They were up and down all season, but Zindler said the coaches knew their potential was great.
“To see them finally put matches together today, I’ve never seen them play as well as they played today,” Zindler said. “There’s no better time to play your best than at U.P.s.”
Zindler was also impressed with Schneider at No. 2 singles. Nelson hasn’t lost in years, Zindler said.
“Morgan has had to play her a bunch of times, and today she pushed her to three sets,” Zindler said.
Kingsford’s Aubrie Moore defeated Negaunee’s Liliana Saunders 6-2, 6-1 at No. 1 singles for the Flivvers’ only flight win of the day.
(Photo courtesy of Negaunee High School.)